With dual channel, the system can access 128 bits at a time triple channel gives it access to 192 bits at a time. Each single channel represents a separate 64-bit line of communication that can be accessed independently. Many motherboards and CPUs support single-channel, dual-channel, and triple-channel memory architectures. Single Channel, Dual Channel, and Triple Channel Comparing a DIMM and a SODIMM.ĭIMMs and SODIMMs have a different number of pins depending on the type used. You can see that SDRAM has two clocks from these cycles and that DDR has four clocks from the same two cycles.įigure 3-2. Figure 3-1 compares the two over two cycles of a clock. However, each of the DDR SDRAM versions uses both the leading and trailing edge of the clock. SDRAM uses only the leading edge for the clock. As a reminder, SDRAM is tied to a clock, and when the clock ticks, data is transferred. Double data rate ( DDR) is one of the improvements and is used in almost all SDRAM. While the original SDRAM versions were quick and efficient for their time, manufacturers have steadily improved them.
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Unlike DRAM and SRAM, flash memory is not volatile and retains data without power. Flash memory is used for BIOS in many motherboards. USB flash drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), and memory cards used in cameras and other mobile devices all use flash memory.
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Almost all DRAM in personal computers is SDRAM.įlash memory is very popular, but not as the primary RAM used in a system. SDRAM is used as the primary RAM in computer (PCs). Because of its speed, SRAM is used for CPU cache. The S in SRAM indicates static, but the S in SDRAM indicates synchronous. SRAM and SDRAM are often conflated however, they are different, and the S makes the difference. Due to the speed, SRAM is commonly used for CPU cache (described later in this chapter) but is rarely used as the primary RAM because of its cost. It requires more components per bit so it is more expensive, but due to how the switching works, it is quicker than DRAM. Static RAM uses switching circuitry instead of capacitors and can hold a charge without a constant refresh. Almost all primary DRAM used in computers today is SDRAM, but it’s often listed as DRAM to avoid confusion with SRAM. SDRAM is synchronized with a clock for faster speeds. This configuration uses very few components per bit, keeping the cost low, but the constant refresh reduces the speed. The capacitor holds the bit as a charge, but the capacitor needs to be regularly refreshed to hold the charge.
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Dynamic refers to how bits are stored in an electrical component called a capacitor. All of these types of RAM are volatile.ĭynamic RAM (DRAM). This doesn’t mean that it’s explosive it means that data in RAM is lost when power is removed.Īs an introduction, the following list identifies commonly used types of RAM. In contrast, computers use hard drives for long-term storage of data. RAM is used for short-term storage of applications or data so that the processor can access and use this information.
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When technicians are talking about a computer’s memory, they are primarily talking about random access memory (RAM). triple channelġ.6 Differentiate among various CPU types and features and select the appropriate cooling method.Ĥ.2 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common problems related to motherboards, RAM, CPU and power with appropriate tools. 1.2 Differentiate between motherboard components, their purposes, and properties.ġ.3 Compare and contrast RAM types and features.